226 END NOTES Prologue On The Trail of Snowden “No Such Agency’—The best description of the birth of the NSA can be found in James Bamford, The Puzzle Palace, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1982, pp. 1-4 “the NSA learned ...”—Author Interview with General Keith Alexander...
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Appendix 5 ~~ Index of Theorems have explained a number famous theorems in this book along with [= ideas of my own. Here is a list of the most notable. 1. Mind over Computer Turing Test — How to tell whether a computer is intelligent, even though we cannot agree on a definitio...
…sult to injury, Snowden, speaking from his new perch in Moscow, told applauding audience that the entire purpose of the U.S. exercise, including deliberately “trapping” him in Moscow, was to “demonize” him. For Russia, it was a textbook move. By providing Snowden with this platfo...
LET’S ASPIRE TO MORE THAN MAKING OURSELVES OBSOLETE Max Tegmark Max Tegmark is an MIT physicist and AI researcher; president of the Future of Life Institute; scientific director of the Foundational Questions Institute; and the author of Our Mathematical Universe and Life 3.0: Be...
GRADIENT DESCENT Chris Anderson Chris Anderson is an entrepreneur; former editor-in-chief of Wired; co-founder and CEO of 3DR; and author of The Long Tail, Free, and Makers. Life The mosquito first detects my scent from thirty feet away. It triggers its pursuit function, which...
…fficers for months before 9/11. It might sound from these citations that the 9/11 Commission marked a new stage in the U.S. treatment of these terrorists, and that the report now exposed those terrorists who in the past had been protected. On the contrary, a principal purpose of...
68 Such a fascination with the power of government-held secrets has always been a core concern of radical libertarians. In his 1956 book The Torment of Secrecy: The Background and Consequences of American Security Policies, the sociologist Edward Shils brilliantly dissects the f...
Defining Intelligence 153 Great Pumpkin rises on Halloween if you like, but at some point you might notice that this doesn’t seem to take place. Beliefs, reality, and the rules of causation are interrelated but they are not the same thing. Causal knowledge should, however, enab...
… can make your kids weird and fucked up.” Epstein’s position in this private allotment of a decent fraction of the U.S. Gross Domestic Product is not as philanthropist but as a higher sort of banker or guru or brain—a rich whisperer—making him, in addition to rich himself, a...
The NSA‘s Back Door | 213 including the hacking culture. Ex-hackers who lacked (or shunned) employment opportunities in the corporate sector were suitable candidates for the system administrator jobs that these firms had contracted to supply the NSA. In the rush to expand, littl...
Contractor | 29 growing antagonism toward the U.S. government, he had not given up on, if not becoming a secret agent, working in the netherworld of secret intelligence. There was still a back door through which he could reenter the spy world. Private corporations hired civilia...
298 16 AGI Preschool 16.5 Beyond Preschool Once an AGI passes preschool, what are the next steps? There is still a long way to go, from preschool to an AGI system that is capable of, say, passing the Turing Test or serving as an effective artificial scientist. Our suggestion i...
…g horizon. It offered a new penetration opportunity at the NSA: civilian technologists working under con- tract for the U.S. government. Many of these civilians at the NSA, especially the younger ones, as we know, had been drawn from the hacking and game-playing culture; some had...
(3) Investments in AI should be accompanied by funding for research on ensuring its beneficial use. ... How can we make future AI systems highly robust, so that they do what we want without malfunctioning or getting hacked.'® The first two involve not getting stuck in suboptimal...
1.12 Key Claims of the Book 13 The best way to deal with this second “bad AGI” problem is to build ethics into your AGI architecture — and we have done this with CogPrime, via creating a goal structure that explicitly supports ethics-directed behavior, and via creating an overal...