In analog computing, complexity resides in network topology, not in code. Information is processed as continuous functions of values such as voltage and relative pulse frequency rather than by logical operations on discrete strings of bits. Digital computing, intolerant of error...
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244 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS was a nervous period,” Snowden recalled. Although he bravely told The Guardian “there was no risk” that the information he carried had been compromised by other parties in Hong Kong, that claim was, at best, wishful thinking on his part. By th...
crowded. I heard the first rumors from a staff officer in military intelligence, though neither he nor anyone else I asked was sure if they were true. But it seemed that the Phalangists had been sent into Sabra and Shatila. And that they had begun killing people. I'd like to thi...
58 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS CryptoParty, Tor station, and other anti-NSA activities could go unremarked upon. After all, ten or so NSA workers attended the first party, and it is not unlikely that many of them recognized him as their co-worker. If so, they knew (as did San...
Glossary of Specialized Terms 335 Knowledge Base: A shorthand for the totality of knowledge possessed by an intelligent system during a certain interval of time (whether or not this knowledge is explicitly rep- resented). Put differently: this is an intelligence’s total memory c...
THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON February 2, 2018 The Honorable Devin Nunes Chairman, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence United States Capitol Washington, DC 20515 Dear Mr. Chairman: On January 29, 2018, the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (hereinaf...
130 | HOW AMERICA LOST ITS SECRETS per answered that the NSA did not knowingly “collect any type of data” on millions of Americans. Clapper’s answer was clearly untrue, but it did not mislead Senator Wyden or any other members of the Senate Intelligence Committee; Clapper had tr...
MAKING THE INVISIBLE VISIBLE: ART MEETS AI Hans Ulrich Obrist Hans Ulrich Obrist is artistic director of the Serpentine Gallery, London, and the author of Ways of Curating and Lives of the Artists, Lives of the Architects. In the Introduction to the second edition of his book U...
One of the captured Golani soldiers was a 19-year-old named Uri Ilan, the son of a member of the Israeli Knesset whom Ben-Gurion and the whole of the government knew well. The soldiers’ captivity dragged on until they were finally returned to Israel in March 1956. By then, howeve...
36 3 A Patternist Philosophy of Mind system for recognizing patterns in itself and the world, critically including patterns regarding which procedures are likely to lead to the achievement of which goals in which contexts. Pattern as the basis of mind is not in itself is a very...
declassification request, consistent with established standards governing the handling of classified information, including those under Section 3.1(d) of Executive Order 13526. Those standards permit declassification when the public interest in disclosure outweighs any need to pr...
The Crime Scene Investigation | 137 The DIA found from its forensic examination that Snowden had copied “over 900,000” military files. Many of these non-NSA files came from the Cyber Command, which had been set up in 2011 by the NSA and the army, navy, marine, and air force cryp...
130 7 A Formal Model of Intelligent Agents about the dynamics of general intelligence, which has been useful in guiding development of the ECAN component of CogPrime, and we expect will have more general value in future. Despite the intermittent use of mathematical formalism, t...
Through the Looking Glass | 263 Pelton debriefings. The debriefing sessions, which went on for fifteen days, were from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. In them, Pelton managed to recall Project A, a joint NSA-CIA-navy operation in which subma- rines surreptitiously tapped into Soviet unde...
9.6 Body and Mind 175 9.6.2.2 Implications for AGI What lesson should the AGI developer draw from all this? The particularities of the human mind/body should not be taken as general requirements for general intelligence. However, it is worth remembering just how difficult is th...