Every indexed document

it has helped produce a new generation of remarkable Black leaders

the Supreme Court has agreed to review yet another affirmative action program. The issues may be similar to that raised in Bakke and subsequent cases

though interested in assuring geographic

or to the real world operation of the Harvard program as it probably works in practice. The following description certainly implies that race is not treated differently from other elements of diversity:

an applicant had to be both individually disadvantaged and a member of a specified racial minority. Under the approved Harvard program

commenting that the “cynical” may say that “under a program such as Harvard’s one may accomplish covertly what Davis concedes it does openly.” Justice Powell nowhere disputed this. His answer seems to be that even if both programs produce t...

but he applauded Harvard College for employing a process that eschews “target-quotas for the number of blacks” but allows “the race of an applicant [to] tip the balance in his favor just as geographic origin or a life spent on a farm tip th...

both because medical school admission is vastly different from college admission and because Harvard

but it approved affirmative action programs

as well as other applicants who are economically and culturally deprived; none of them would offend the Constitution. But what the school may not do

not on being the best of the second- or third-raters. . . .

attended segregated schools or lived in segregated neighborhoods

but we opposed the concept that every racial

I received dozens of letters and calls from indignant alumni and parents of applicants concerned that Harvard was returning to a quota system. These concerns increased when the Bakke case came to the Supreme Court and Harvard took the lead....

a conflict arose between some leaders of the African American and Jewish communities. Most African American leaders were deeply committed to race-specific affirmative action programs that gave advantages to all Black applicants

but rather as one of group aspirations. Blacks had a collective right

and believed that I was on the side of the angels

overriding individual preferences. The Equal Protection Clause commands the elimination of racial barriers

no matter what his race or color. Whatever his race

” it follows that each applicant must be evaluated in “a racially neutral way:”