Under this structure, Hezbollah's militia
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Under this structure, Hezbollah's militia
and terrorist activities, along with its
security organ, all report to the Jihad
Council. Until he was killed, Mughniyeh
was Hezbollah's top militant commander
and reportedly led the Jihad Council
himself. By some accounts, he also held a
seat on the Majlis al-Shura, which would
be typical for the party's standing military
commander.
Unlike its sister councils, however, the
Jihad Council enjoys strategic ambiguity.
Neither the majority of Hezbollah officials
nor the party's elected parliamentarians are
aware of the details of their party's covert
military and terrorist activities, which are
decided on by the most senior leadership.
According to the U.S. government, these
activities are "executed" by the leadership
of Hezbollah's military apparatus, known
as the Islamic Resistance and led by
Badreddine, and by the IJO, led by Talal
Hami1yah, and they are "overseen" by
Nasrallah.
Europe's approach to Hezbollah has been
varied. Many European governments have
resisted international efforts to designate
the organization as a terrorist group by
distinguishing between Hezbollah's
political and military wings. Britain
distinguishes among Hezbollah's terrorist
wing (the Islamic Jihad Organization),
military wing, and political wing, and the
country banned the IJO in 2000 and the
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