Glossary of Specialized Terms 341

Glossary of Specialized Terms 341 not be considered as “sensory” (on the other hand, speech audio data would be considered as "sensory”). Short Term Importance: A value associated with each Atom, indicating roughly the expected utility to the system of keeping that Atom in RAM rather than saving it to disk or deleting it. It’s possible to have multple LTI values pertaining to different time scales, but so far practical implementation and most theory has centered on the option of a single LTI value. Similarity: a link type indicating the probabilistic similarity between two different Atoms. Generically this is a combination of Intensional Similarity (similarity of properties) and Extensional Similarity (similarity of members). Simple Truth Value: a TruthValue involving a pair (s,d) indicating strength (e.g. proba- bility or fuzzy set membership) and confidence d. d may be replaced by other options such as a count n or a weight of evidence w. e Simulation World: See Internal Simulation World e SMEPH (Self-Modifying Evolving Probabilistic Hypergraphs): a style of modeling systems, in which each system is associated with a derived hypergraph SMEPH Edge: A link ina SMEPH derived hypergraph, indicating an empirically observed relationship (e.g. inheritance or similarity) between two SMEPH Vertex: A node in a SMEPH derived hypergraph representing a system, indicat- ing a collection of system states empirically observed to arise in conjunction with the same external stimuli Spatial Inference: PLN reasoning including Atoms that explicitly reference spatial rela- tionships Spatiotemporal Inference: PLN reasoning including Atoms that explicitly reference spa- tial and temporal relationships e STI: Shorthand for Short Term Importance e Strength: The main component of a TruthValue object, lying in the interval [0,1], refer- ring either to a probability (in cases like InheritanceLink, SimilarityLink, EquivalenceLink, ImplicationLink, etc.) or a fuzzy value (as in MemberLink, EvaluationLink). Strong Self-Modification: This is generally used as synonymous with Self-Modification, in a CogPrime context. Subsymbolic: Involving processing of data using elements that have no correspondence to natural language terms, nor abstract concepts; and that are not naturally interpreted as symbolically “standing for’ other things. Often used to refer to processes such as perception processing or motor control, which are concerned with entities like pixels or commands like “rotate servomotor 15 by 10 degrees theta and 55 degrees phi.” The distinction between “symbolic” and "subsymbolic” is conventional in the history of AI, but seems difficult to formalize rigorously. Logic-based AI systems are typically considered “symbolic”, yet Supercompilation: A technique for program optimization, which globally rewrites a pro- gram into a usually very different looking program that does the same thing. A prototype supercompiler was applied to Combo programs with successful results. Surface Realization: The process of taking a collection of Atoms and transforming them into a series of words in a (usually natural) language. A stage in the overall process of language generation. Symbol Grounding: The mapping of a symbolic term into perceptual or motoric entities that help define the meaning of the symbolic term. For instance, the concept Cat” may be HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013257